CARROS ELÉTRICOS E HÍBRIDOS:Desafios para Eletrificação de Frotas

In 1886, Karl Benz patented the first automobile, marking the beginning of a technological revolution in the automotive sector. From this milestone onward, aspects such as efficiency, performance, ergonomics, and sustainability of motor vehicles have been developed over time. At the end of the 19th century, Ferdinand Porsche innovated by designing the first electric and hybrid vehicles, signaling a promising direction. Later, in the 1970s, the oil crisis amplified the debate regarding the introduction of electric vehicles to the market, driven mainly by the need to reduce oil dependency caused by rising crude oil prices. In this context, the objective of this study was to analyze the opportunities and challenges related to road infrastructure, as well as the impacts and adaptations necessary for the development of a fleet of electric and hybrid vehicles, considering both public and private infrastructure. The growing concern about emissions of pollutants such as CO2 and SOX, particularly in the urban mobility sector, drives the search for ecological and efficient alternatives. This work observed that electric vehicles contribute to the reduction of noise and air pollution, as they are silent and emit no pollutants. It addressed the challenges and adaptations for electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), as well as the limitations present in the national context. In addition to providing an overview of the necessary structures and modifications for EVs and HEVs, a survey was conducted to analyze the perception of owners and enthusiasts of these types of vehicles, aiming to offer an in-depth contextualization of the market.