Segurança em eventos temporários no Brasil: um estudo comparativo das normas estaduais dos corpos de bombeiros

Abstract

This study aims to analyze and compare fire and panic safety regulations applicable to temporary events at the national level, based on the selection of one representative state from each Brazilian region: Minas Gerais (Southeast), Alagoas (Northeast), Amazonas (North), Distrito Federal (Central-West), and Santa Catarina (South). Despite the relevance of temporary events to the country’s social, cultural, and economic life, there is still no standardized national regulation, which leads to significant disparities among state legislations. The methodology adopted consisted of a documentary analysis of technical instructions, decrees, and state regulations related to fire safety in temporary events, focusing on the main requirements for the regularization of such events, including the preparation of technical designs, presence of a fire brigade, implementation of emergency signage and lighting, crowd control, and evacuation planning. The results indicate that, although there are common requirements among the analyzed regulations, differences exist regarding the level of detail of safety measures, risk classification criteria, and inspection procedures. Among the states analyzed, Minas Gerais stands out for having the most complete and detailed regulation, through Technical Instruction 33 (IT 33), used as a reference for comparison with the other regulations. The states of Alagoas, Amazonas, Distrito Federal, and Santa Catarina, although addressing essential topics, present weaknesses or omissions in critical aspects when compared to the Minas Gerais standard, such as crowd management, specifications for temporary structures, and public density parameters. It is concluded that the lack of regulatory uniformity may compromise the effectiveness of preventive actions and hinder the work of professionals and inspection agencies responsible for the safety of these events, highlighting the importance of establishing minimum national guidelines that contribute to the standardization of safety requirements, while respecting regional particularities and ensuring a basic level of protection throughout the national territory.