Ensino de processos hidrogeomorfológicos em bacias hidrográficas: contribuições da Geografia Escolar para a construção de conhecimento do estudante da Educação Básica

Hydrogeomorphological processes that occur in river basins can affect society's quality of life, especially in urbanized areas. Knowledge of these processes can be considered a basic assumption for a change in society's perception of river basins and the exercise of citizenship. In this sense, the study of Physical Geography themes becomes important throughout the years/grades of Basic Education. The emphasis of the research is on the teaching of Geography with the objective of contributing to the construction of knowledge of Basic Education students, in the final years of Elementary School, with regard to the study of hydrogeomorphological processes that occur in river basins, such as infiltration, surface runoff, evapotranspiration and floods, with an emphasis on urban areas. The data was collected from students in the 6th year of Elementary School in the year 2023. The research was carried out in a Basic Education school located in the Córrego Ferrugem watershed, a tributary of the Arrudas river watershed, in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte. Using a qualitative approach, the research is organized into the following stages: 1) students' prior knowledge from the questionnaire; 2) carrying out activities that contribute to the construction of significant knowledge; 3) second application of the same questionnaire to verify the efficiency of the didactic sequence in building significant knowledge. The results pointed to students' lack of knowledge regarding the elements that make up a river basin, the causes of phenomena such river flooding, surface water flooding, sewer flooding and the confusion of these processes. Furthermore, they showed that students up to the 6th year do not recognize themselves as members/occupants of river basins. Therefore, activities such as plastic relief map are a good strategy for building knowledge on the topic. Within the scope of the professional master's degree, the didactic sequence is proposed, consisting of activities based on environmental education, the study of the environment, Cartography, model construction and field work, as a technical product.