Desenvolvimento de um controlador de potência configurável para aeromodelos: restrição dinâmica da potência por controle do esc
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Abstract
This work presents the development of a configurable power controller intended for brushless motors, with the objective of automatically limiting the power consumed by the system, ensuring operational stability and compliance with defined restrictions. The method adopted consists of the continuous reading of the voltage and current supplied to the motor, instantaneous calculation of the consumed power, and action on the PWM signal sent to the ESC through a PID control algorithm. The hardware was developed using an STM32 microcontroller and measurement sensors, while the parameterization software, implemented in Python, enables the user to configure parameters, view real-time telemetry, and generate graphs that assist in the analysis of the tests. Communication between hardware and software occurs via USB serial using a verification protocol, ensuring reliability in data transmission and in the application of configurations. Practical tests were conducted with high-torque and low-torque motors, evaluating the controller’s performance at different power setpoints. The results demonstrate that the system is capable of effectively limiting power, keeping it close to the reference values with reduced deviations and stable behavior over time. Comparisons between the tests highlight the controller’s ability to handle different motor characteristics, preserving control integrity and reducing abrupt power overshoots. The accuracy of the measurements and the control algorithm was verified using external instruments, showing small and acceptable error margins within the application context. As a final consideration, the controller demonstrated technical feasibility and potential for use in scenarios where power limitation is essential, in addition to presenting opportunities for further development. Among the future perspectives, the implementation of new functions in the software that enable integration with third-party tools is highlighted.
