Materiais sustentáveis na construção civil: análise comparativa e suas contribuições ambientais

The construction industry is one of the human activities that consumes the most natural resources and generates significant environmental impacts. In this context, the aim of this study is to analyze the use of sustainable materials in civil construction, highlighting their technical, environmental, social, and economic advantages. The research presents a literature review on the main concepts of sustainability, environmental certifications, and criteria for selecting sustainable materials. It then analyzes four materials: recycled concrete, soil-cement brick, bamboo, and recycled steel comparing their technical performance, durability, cost, CO₂ emissions, and environmental impact in relation to conventional materials. The analysis also includes examples of Brazilian buildings that have adopted these materials, such as the Museum of Tomorrow (RJ), Bamboo Pavilion (RJ), and Home MP (SP), reinforcing the feasibility and benefits of these solutions. The study shows that, despite progress and a promising outlook, there are still challenges to be addressed, such as high initial costs, lack of market knowledge, and the need for public policies and incentives to expand access to and adoption of more sustainable construction practices