Programa de Implantação de Gestão e Responsabilidade Ambiental Municipal (PIGRAM): estudo realizado em município mineiro de pequeno porte (Tapiraí-MG).

Abstract

The environmental theme is in evidence today, and when dealt with in the context of urban centers, it is clear that human beings started their process of agglomeration in cities without being properly prepared. This has been causing environmental problems such as occupation in irregular areas, indiscriminate use of natural resources, overload of water resources, pollution, etc. In small cities, the impact of such effects is not yet as significant, which puts the administration of these municipalities in a position to develop plans and actions in an easier way. The present work aims to develop the Municipal Environmental Responsibility and Management Implementation Program (PIMERM), aiming to present environmental management solutions in a small municipality. In addition, it was a concomitant undertaking of education, awareness and orientation work with the population. Therefore, the city of Tapiraí-MG is taken as the object of the research. It is an exploratory and quali-quantitative research, with analysis of the data collected from the population done in a quantitative way. It is classified, in terms of means, as documentary and field research, and in terms of ends as an interventionist. It involves a bibliographic research about the environmental issue in urban centers, especially in small cities, and a survey of the environmental legislation in force at the federal, state and municipal levels. In addition, a situational diagnosis about the city under study is presented, which includes demographic, economic and social data, and a survey, through meetings with representatives of the public service, documents, municipal laws. On-site visits were also made on issues related to sustainability and the environment, as parameters of notorious environmental problems, such as collection and disposal of solid waste, drinking water, sewage, pollution sources and the current municipal environmental legislation. It was found that the city's waste is disposed of in an open-air dump, a type of improper disposal, and that the sewage is not treated to be released into water courses. There is a sewage treatment plant deactivated, and some problems were registered of visual pollution and inadequacy on public roads, in addition to silting in water courses. The results of the questionnaire applied to the population are also presented, to measure their perception of environmental sustainability. There was a need to develop and implement actions aimed at awakening interest in issues related to the environment and nature, especially among the male population, and that it is a priority to raise awareness and encourage sustainable daily actions, such as saving water, care for the generation of smaller quantities of solid residues and savings of electric energy. In addition, at the end of the study, PIMERM is presented in its entirety, whose proposals are divided into population practices, involving water and electricity savings, waste care, visual pollution and afforestation, and administration practices, directed to build the physical and legislative structures. Once applied and successful in the city under study, PIMERM can be replicated in other small municipalities).