Análise estrutural de uma manilha de içamento com eixos perpendiculares

This work presents a static analysis of a lifting shackle using the Finite Element Method (FEM), with ANSYS Workbench software employed as the numerical simulation tool. Shackles are critical components in load handling and lifting operations, playing a key role in ensuring structural integrity and operational safety. Given the critical nature of their application, a safety factor of 5:1 was adopted, in accordance with industry standards and best practices, to determine the component’s Working Load Limit (WLL). The shackle was modeled in 3D based on typical geometries found in commercial applications, and the material used was AISI/SAE 4340 steel, selected for its high mechanical strength and widespread use in heavily loaded components. The simulation included both axial and lateral loading conditions to also evaluate the load reduction factor under off-axis loading - a critical condition often overlooked in simplified designs. The final WLL value of 42.5 kN (approximately 4.3 t) was achieved following a geometric optimization process, guided by the principles of stress concentration and the Saint-Venant’s principle. This optimization aimed to minimize regions of localized stress intensification and promote a more uniform distribution of mechanical stresses throughout the structure, resulting in safer and more efficient mechanical behavior. The simulation results provided Von Mises stress distributions, displacements, and critical stress regions, allowing for the identification of structural weak points. The analysis confirmed the structural integrity of the optimized shackle design and its suitability for safe operation under the specified loading conditions. This study indicates the effectiveness of FEM as a powerful tool in the design and verification of mechanical components subjected to complex loading, contributing to more reliable designs and the prevention of failures in high-risk operations.