Efeitos da época de semeadura no desenvolvimento e produção final da soja (Glycine max L. – cultivar HO Pirapó) no Município de Bambuí-MG

Abstract

Soybean (Glycine max L.) stands out as one of the world's main agricultural crops, playing a fundamental role in the Brazilian economy due to its high importance for the food, industrial, and export sectors. Among the factors that influence the crop's productive performance, the sowing time deserves special attention due to its direct relationship with photoperiod, phenological development, and plant productivity. In this context, the present work aimed to evaluate the influence of different sowing times on the vegetative development and productive performance of the HO Pirapó soybean cultivar in the municipality of Bambuí-MG. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, composed of four sowing times and five replications. Variables related to the crop cycle, vegetative period, reproductive period, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, number of grains per plant, thousand-grain weight, and productivity were evaluated. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were compared using the Scott-Knott test at a 5% probability level. The results demonstrated that the sowing time significantly influenced the duration of the crop cycle, the vegetative and reproductive periods, the number of pods per plant, the weight of one thousand grains, and productivity. Sowings carried out earlier showed better agronomic performance, with a longer cycle duration, greater weight of one thousand grains, and higher productivity. Conversely, delayed sowing reduced phenological development and the productive potential of the crop. It is concluded that the sowing time is a determining factor for soybean performance, with the first sowing time evaluated providing the best productive results under the edaphoclimatic conditions of Bambuí-MG.