Um estudo sobre o perfil de egressos do curso de Licenciatura em Física do IFMG - Campus Ouro Preto

Abstract

This research was motivated by the crisis in Physics teacher training, characterized by low completion rates in undergraduate programs, high dropout rates, and a shortage of qualified teachers to meet the demands, especially in basic education. Based on the literature, it was observed that Physics teaching faces many challenges, including the social devaluation of the profession, low wages, poor school infrastructure, and the work of unqualified teachers, which harms the quality of education. The main objective of the study is to investigate the percentage of entrants who complete Physics undergraduate programs at the Federal Institutes (IFs) in Brazil and to analyze the labor market insertion of graduates from the same program at the IFMG – Campus Ouro Preto (IFMG – OP). Therefore, it is important to outline a national quantitative overview and investigate professional insertion, continuing education, and the graduates' perception of their training. To this end, data analysis from the Nilo Peçanha Platform (PNP) was used to calculate the Academic Efficiency Index (IEA) at a national level for Physics undergraduate programs in Federal Institutes from 2017 to 2023, followed by the application of a questionnaire to IFMG – OP graduates (2014-2024) to collect qualitative and quantitative data. The results reveal that the national average IEA is low, below 16%, with the North and Northeast regions showing the lowest rates (between 10% and 15%), while the Southeast region shows more stable values 25% to 40%. At IFMG – OP, 61% of graduates work in their field of training, and 68% rate the education received as very good, highlighting the curriculum, faculty, and infrastructure as strengths of the Physics undergraduate program.