Fitoquímicos derivados da casca de café: viabilidade de aplicação em alimentos com viés sustentável e energético.
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Abstract
Coffee is a crop of great economic relevance for Brazil, standing out as the world's leading producer of processed coffee beans, which generates a significant amount of waste, particularly coffee husks. Moreover, coffee is widely consumed worldwide, appreciated for its characteristic flavor and aroma, as well as its beneficial physiological effects on health, such as the antioxidant and psycho-stimulant properties found in the beans and residual husks. However, research on the utilization of coffee husks in human nutrition is still limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the use of coffee husks in human nutrition by developing an energy drink and a cereal bar enriched with coffee husks, aiming to leverage their nutritional benefits, reduce environmental waste, and add value to the coffee industry. For the production of the drink, 10.0 g of coffee husks were mixed with 750 mL of potable water (90%) through the decoction process without agitation, and flavored with concentrated pineapple pulp at 25ºBrix (10%). For the preparation of the cereal bar, 24% coffee husks were used in the formulation. Analyses of caffeine and total phenolic compounds were carried out, as well as a sensory evaluation. For the cereal bar, crude fiber analysis was also performed. The color, aroma, flavor, and overall impression of the formulations were evaluated sensorially using a seven-point structured hedonic scale, with scores ranging from (1) "liked extremely" to (7) "disliked extremely". The amounts of caffeine and total phenolic compounds found in the drink were 30 mg/100mL and 0.168 g/100mL, respectively. The caffeine content is within the typical range of 7 to 32 mg/100 mL for energy drinks. The cereal bar contains 49 mg/100 g of phenolic compounds, 0.09% caffeine, and 4.101 g/100g of crude fiber, making it a source of fiber. The phenolic compound content found in the drink and the cereal bar suggests potential health benefits. Regarding sensory attributes, the drink received average scores around the hedonic term “liked very much” for color and aroma, and “liked moderately” for flavor and overall impression. The cereal bar enriched with coffee husks was well accepted, with responses ranging from "liked very much" to "liked extremely". It is concluded that the utilization of residual coffee husks demonstrated potential in the development of new food products, being a source of beneficial phytochemicals for human health and presenting good sensory acceptance, contributing to the nutritional characteristics of the final product.
