Otimização da localização de Unidades Básicas de Saúde em Sabará-MG via P-Mediana Capacitada

Abstract

This study analyzed the spatial distribution of Primary Health Care Units (UBS) in Sabará-MG, Brazil, using the P-Median model to optimize the location of new facilities. The dataset comprised 18 existing UBS and the municipality’s census tract grid, including geographic coordinates and the number of Family Health Teams (eSF) per unit. The objective was to identify candidate locations for network expansion, respecting the current capacity of the units and minimizing the total distance between demand sectors and health centers. The classical and capacitated models were implemented in IBM ILOG CPLEX. The results show that the inclusion of capacity constraints increases the average distance, but produces a solution more consistent with operational reality, indicating priority areas for the implementation of new facilities or the expansion of health teams.