Potencial de uso de um produto comercial à base de Trichoderma harzianum no controle de Ralstonia solanacearum
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Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum is a plant pathogenic bacterium responsible for bacterial wilt in solanaceous plants, a disease widespread globally, affecting over 50 plant families. Due to the challenges in managing the disease, there is a need for the development of new control methods that can help reduce the damage caused by this phytobacterium. One alternative, still underexplored in the control of phytopathogenic bacteria, is the use of microorganisms with antagonistic potential, such as fungi of the Trichoderma genus, which possess characteristics that make them highly promising biocontrol agents. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the commercial product Trichodermil SC 1306®, compost of Trichoderma harzianum, on the growth of R. solanacearum under in vitro conditions. The sensitivity of R. solanacearum to the antagonist was assessed using the antibiogram method with the disk diffusion technique. The experiment was conducted with four concentrations of the commercial product (T1: 0 ml.L 1 , T2: 2.5 ml.L-1, T3: 5 ml.L-1, and T4: 7.5 ml.L-1) and five repetitions. Rifamycin sodium (10 mg/ml) was used as a positive control. Inhibition halos were observed only around the discs impregnated with the antibiotic, with an average diameter of 2.87 mm, excluding the diameter of the disc. No inhibition halos were observed in the other treatments, where the bacterium colonized and covered the entire surface of the plate within 24 hours. During the same period, the mycelial growth of T. harzianum was observed on and around the paper discs, indicating the viability of the evaluated product, although without inhibitory action on bacterial growth. Based on the results obtained, two hypotheses were formulated: the first suggests that the fungal isolate evaluated does not exhibit antagonistic activity against the tested bacterial strain; and the second suggests that the cultivation period was insufficient for the fungus to produce and release antibacterial substances into the culture medium before bacterial growth began. These results highlight the need for methodological adaptations that account for differences in the growth rates of the microorganisms tested.
