Aptidão agroclimática da cultura da videira em Bambuí, Minas Gerais
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Abstract
The climatic characterization carried out on a smaller scale is an important step to improve production in a given region, making it possible to identify the most favorable mesoclimates for cultivation. Bambuí, Minas Gerais, has favorable climatic conditions for grapevine cultivation, similar to the characteristics of traditional viticultural regions. Although some climatic descriptions of the region indicate its potential, careful evaluations using appropriate climatic indices, such as the Geoviticultural Multicriteria Climate Classification System (Geoviticultural CCM), are lacking. Such an evaluation is essential to fully characterize the agroclimatic suitability of Bambuí, promoting the development of viticulture and enhancing regional tourism. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the climatic suitability of Bambuí - MG, for grapevine cultivation, considering two different production cycles throughout the year and in relation to the adjustment of its climatic conditions within the Geoviticultural CCM System. The CCM Geoviticultural system was used to characterize the climate, which consists of three indices: Heliothermal (IH), Nighttime Cold (IF) and Drought (IS). The Zuluaga Index (IZ) was also used to assess the risk of incidence of fungal diseases in grapevines. A seven-year historical series of meteorological data obtained from an automatic INMET station located at the Instituto Federal Minas Gerais, Bambuí Campus, was used. The evaluations were carried out by simulating two periods, Autumn-Winter, which represents the months from April to September, and Spring-Summer (PV), which represents the months from October to March. The results showed that the Bambuí region has a climatic aptitude for grape production in both periods evaluated, with greater quality potential in the months from April to September, due to the more favorable water conditions, due to the lower rainfall and milder temperatures recorded in the period. This work can assist in the decisions of producers interested in investing in this activity. Furthermore, future work can expand this analysis by taking in other meteorological stations in the Serra da Canastra region, making it possible to align the production of traditional Canastra cheese with that of fine wines, strengthening the local economy and contributing to the sustainable development of the region.
