Pecuária leiteira: inovações tecnológicas, tendências e desafios.

Dairy farming is an economic activity of great global relevance, facing challenges such as the increasing demand for food and the need for sustainability. Given the importance of incorporating new technologies in the context of dairy cattle farming, this study aims to present a literature review on the subject, addressing the main technological innovations available on the market for precision dairy farming. The adoption of innovative technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), sensors, robotics, and management programs, has transformed the sector, promoting greater efficiency, productivity, and milk quality. AI and sensors enable realtime monitoring of animal health and behavior, while robotics automates processes such as milking, reducing costs and improving animal welfare. Management programs integrate data and facilitate strategic decision-making, increasing transparency and traceability. Despite challenges such as initial costs and the need for training, the long-term benefits, such as waste reduction and increased profitability, justify the adoption of these technologies. Livestock 4.0, with its integration of digital tools, is redefining the sector, making it more sustainable and competitive. Connectivity in the field and digitalization are essential trends for the future of dairy farming, ensuring efficient production aligned with global demands.