Arranjos Produtivos Locais: conceitos, história e fundamentos econômicos

Abstract

This study addresses the evolution of productive systems and economic transformations that contributed to the emergence of Local Productive Arrangements (LPAs) and describes the fundamental elements for conceptualizing this phenomenon. Initially, the industrial revolutions are presented, from the introduction of mechanization during the First Industrial Revolution to the incorporation of digital technologies characteristic of Industry 4.0, highlighting the effects of these changes on production processes, labor relations, and global economic dynamics. Subsequently, the concept of LPAs is discussed, understood as a territorial agglomeration of firms and institutions that seek to establish cooperative relationships, learning processes, innovation, and governance mechanisms aimed at generating collective benefits and promoting local economic development. Based on a bibliographic review, the study also analyzes the contributions of different schools of economic thought, including Marxist, developmentalist, Neo-Schumpeterian, Keynesian, and institutionalist perspectives, to the understanding of this phenomenon, emphasizing issues such as innovation, state intervention, cooperation among agents, the role of institutions, and production relations. The results indicate that a historical approach is essential for understanding Local Productive Arrangements, which are considered important strategic mechanisms for promoting development. However, they still face challenges such as limited coordination capacity among stakeholders, lack of cooperation, low investment in research and development, instability, and bureaucratic complexity within the institutional environment.