Desenvolvimento de um sistema de monitoramento de rotação
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Abstract
The monitoring of rotating machinery is essential for predictive maintenance and industrial efficiency. This study presents the development of a low-cost prototype for measuring rotations per minute (RPM) using the Arduino Uno R3 platform and Hall Effect sensors. The methodology involved experimental trials using a high-precision lathe (Nardini Nodus 220 Gold) as a reference to validate three sensor models: KY-024, KY-003, and 3144E. Sixty trials were conducted covering speeds of 30, 95, 150, and 300 RPM. The results showed that the linear sensor KY-024 performed best at low speeds but saturated at 300 RPM. Conversely, the digital sensors KY-003 and 3144E exhibited a systematic underestimation error of approximately 50% across all tested ranges. Data analysis, cross-referenced with visual verification of signal LEDs, indicates that the failure does not stem from sensor frequency limitations—since 300 RPM equates to only 5 Hz, well below these components' limits—but rather from inconsistencies in the pulse counting logic and microcontroller interrupt configuration. It is concluded that Hall technology is viable for this application, provided there are improvements in the edge detection algorithm and signal processing to eliminate the identified reading errors.
