Avaliação da eficiência de nematicidas químicos e biológicos no controle de Meloidogyne inornata: estratégias sustentáveis para o cultivo do tomateiro no estado do Espírito Santo

Abstract

Several nematode species negatively affect tomato production, resulting in considerable economic losses. Meloidogyne inornata was recently detected in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, causing significant damage and overcoming the resistance of commonly used rootstocks. To date, the efficacy of control nematicides in managing this root-knot nematode species remains unknown. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Chemical and biological nematicides in controlling M. inornata. The Chemical nematicides Verango Prime (fluopyram), Nimitz (fluensulfone), and Tymyrium (cyclobutrifluram) were tested, along with the biological nematicides Quartzo (Bacillus subtilis + B. licheniformis), Certano (B. velezensis), and the root stimulant Bioasis (B. aryabhattai, B. haynesii, B. circulans). A planting density of 10,000 plants/há was considered, and the dosages 6ontrol followed the label recommendations for M. incognita as a reference. Each experimental plot was composed of 3-liter pots containing one tomato the cultivar Moriá. Three days after transplanting, 2,500 eggs + J2 of M. inornata were inoculated per pot. Twelve hours post-inoculation, the respective nematicides were applied. The experimente was conducted in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and eight replicates, including two controls: one absolute (without nematode or nematicide) ando ne infested with nematode but without nematicide application. The treatments were maintained under greenhouse conditions with controlled irrigation for 42 days. At the end this period, the following parameters were evaluated: shoot dry mass, root fresh mass, total egg 6ontr, number of eggs per gramo f root, and the reproduction factor of M. inornata. Treatments containing beneficial microorganisms promoted significant vegetative development in the tomato plants. The Chemical nematicide fluensulfone caused severe phytotoxicity in young tomato plants. Both Chemical and biological nematicides provided significant control of M. inornata, achieving control rates above 70%, and may therefore be recommended at label ates.