Avaliação da Mancha de Phoma ao fungicida cantus (Boscalida)
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Abstract
Phoma leaf spot, caused by the fungus Phoma tarda, is a disease that affects coffee trees, affecting leaves, flower buds, flowers, gum trees and branches. It causes irregular dark spots, starting at the edges of the leaves and reducing the leaf area. The fungus also colonizes branches and rosettes of reproductive buds, leading to the fall of flowers and fruit. In nurseries, it can lead to the death of seedlings. Several fungicides are used to control it on the market, but there are reports of some pathogens being resistant to Boscalid. A possible phenomenon of fungal resistance to the ingredient Boscalid was observed at Fazenda Bela Vista, in Elói Mendes - MG, due to the low efficiency after its application in some plots. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance of two isolates of P. tarda from coffee to the active ingredient Boscalid at different dosages. Coffee leaves with symptoms of phoma leaf spot were collected from two plots, one with suspected resistance and one without. The experiment was conducted in the Phytopathology laboratory of the IFMG Bambuí Campus, where the fungus P. tarda was isolated from coffee leaves with symptoms of phoma leaf spot and suspected resistance to Boscalid. After isolation, they were plated in petri dishes containing a culture medium based on malt extract and agar and the following concentrations of Boscalid: 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 ppm. The plates were placed in a BOD at 20°C with a 12-hour photoperiod. When the control took over the plate, measurements were taken to measure the diameter of the fungal colony. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with 2 isolates in 5 concentrations with 5 repetitions each, making a total of 50 experimental units. The data was tabulated using Excel software and then subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and, if significant, was subjected to the F test at a 5% significance level, and if significant, was compared by regression using R software. There was a significant effect of the interaction between the doses of boscalid and the coffee plots on the mycelial growth of the fungus P. tarda. For further analysis, the data was compared by regression analysis using the R software. In the Eustáquio plot, within the range of in vitro application levels, increasing dosages of boscalid reduced the growth of P. tarda. In the 2002 plot, the growth of the fungus was paralyzed at dosages of 1 and 10 ppm.
