Desenvolvimento de um sistema de monitoramento remoto de poço artesiano com aquisição de dados em tempo real para atendimento à legislação ambiental

Abstract

This work presents the development of an embedded system for remote monitoring of artesian wells, aiming to optimize the collection and recording of technical data required by IGAM Ordinance No. 48, dated October 4, 2019, which regulates the procedures for renewing water use permits in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The regulation establishes the need to provide information such as water withdrawal volume, pump operating time, and hydrometric data recorded continuously. Currently, many users perform this process manually, being subject to issues such as missing readings, annotation errors, and data loss. The proposed system automates this data acquisition, increasing the accuracy and reliability of the recorded information. The prototype was developed in a simulated environment, using a small submersible pump similar to those employed in aquariums, coupled to a pulsed-output water meter. The pump operating time is estimated through a non-invasive current sensor. The data are processed by an ESP32 microcontroller and transmitted remotely to a Google Spreadsheet, where they are organized into interactive dashboards and periodic reports. The results demonstrated that the prototype was capable of continuously acquiring and recording the variables of interest, exhibiting behavior consistent with the proposed remote monitoring approach and meeting the objectives established for water use control. The solution integrates concepts of instrumentation, automation, Internet of Things (IoT), and data analysis, representing a low-cost and effective alternative for generating the technical documentation required in water permit renewal processes, in compliance with IGAM Ordinance.