Dinâmica da acidez e disponibilidade de micronutrientes em diferentes usos do solo

The composition of the soil's vegetation cover and land management directly influence the cycling of chemical elements, and are key factors for soil biogeochemistry and nutrient behavior. The experimental design adopted was a completely randomized design with a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement, totaling 36 experimental units. Four distinct areas were evaluated: native Atlantic Forest, planted Eucalyptus forest, irrigated coffee, and an agroforestry system, with samples collected at three depths. The main objective was to analyze the impact of management practices on chemical attributes such as pH and the contents of aluminum (Al³+), copper (Cu²+), iron (Fe²+), manganese (Mn²+) and zinc (Zn²+). The results show that agricultural management, especially liming and fertilization, significantly alters soil chemistry. The irrigated coffee area, which received liming, had the highest pH and complete neutralization of Al³+ in addition to higher concentrations of Cu²+, Mn²+ and Zn²+. In contrast, the unmanaged forest areas exhibited lower pH and high levels of Al³+. The iron content was lower in the native forest, possibly due to a lower clay content. The research concludes that soil management is a determining factor in fertility, highlighting the importance of agronomic practices such as liming and nutrient replacement for the sustainability of production in tropical soils. It also emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring to avoid toxicity from excess.