Levantamento de aspectos e impactos ambientais e proposição de medidas sustentáveis na avicultura de corte: estudo de caso realizado em empreendimento de pequeno porte

Brazil has become a world highlight in the production of chickens, being the largest exporter and one of the largest producers on the international scene in 2021. In the state of Minas Gerais, the activity is mostly carried out by small producers and despite poultry farming being considered an ecologically correct, when compared to other animal protein production systems, there are still aspects and impacts inherent to it that can be mitigated with the environmental management of the activity. With a focus on reducing the impacts caused by poultry farming during the chicken rearing phase, this study seeks to identify and raise the environmental aspects and impacts through a case study in a small enterprise and evaluate the financial viability of installing a micro-plant for photovoltaic power generation as a way to offset the energy impact of the activity on the electricity distribution network. In the first stage of the work, a systematic review of the literature was carried out in order to search for scientific results, analyzing and discussing the contributions of 18 scientific articles and 2 technical publications aimed at the purpose of the study. Then, a case study was carried out in an aviary of the small Dark House system located in the central west of Minas Gerais, being identified and pointed out mitigation measures for the environmental aspects and impacts in the generation of solid waste, in the use and impacts on water resources , atmospheric emissions, feed and electricity consumption. Specifically for electricity consumption, the financial viability of installing a photovoltaic power generation micro-plant was analyzed, which showed profitability above the expected rate and a payback between 4 and 5 years, proving to be economically viable for all the analyzed indicators. Finally, as a technical product, a technical guide was prepared addressing good environmental practices in poultry, meeting the basic requirement of the Professional Master's Degree in Sustainability and Environmental Technology at IFMG – Campus Bambuí. This technical product aims to disseminate examples of measures for the treatment of solid waste, liquid effluents and other measures to mitigate the environmental impacts arising from the operation of the aviary aimed at small poultry farmers, employees, integrators and environmental technicians.