Análise do comportamento dos usuários e profissionais do varejo farmacêutico em relação ao descarte de medicamentos de uso domiciliar

The present study aimed to deepen the understanding of how the population manages the disposal of household medications. To this end, the dissertation was organized in the format of scientific articles, each addressing different methodologies. Article 1: a descriptive and exploratory approach was taken, based on a systematic review methodology following PRISMA guidelines. Twenty-two articles were analyzed, mainly cross-sectional studies. The results reveal challenges such as a lack of public awareness and the need for specialization of health professionals in proper disposal. Article 2: between March and October 2023, in the cities of Bambuí and Luz, in the state of Minas Gerais, a descriptive-quantitative study was conducted using multiple-choice questionnaires divided into two dimensions: sociodemographic attributes and perceptions about medication disposal. Among the respondents, 78.7% are interested in the implementation of disposal points but are unaware of their locations. Inadequate disposal occurs in 23.9% of cases, while only 18.1% deliver medications to appropriate locations. Additionally, 60.5% have never received instructions on proper disposal. Despite a high perception of negative environmental impacts, there is a lack of knowledge and structured collection systems. Other findings include: 97% keep medications at home, 87.4% practice self-medication, and the verification of expiration dates is inconsistent. Among retail pharmacy staff, 44.6% are not trained to handle waste, and 55% are rarely questioned about disposal. However, 97.5% of the companies participate in reverse logistics, and 94.57% implement collection practices. Therefore, the results highlight the need for educational campaigns and training for pharmaceutical sector professionals. Clear regulations and adequate infrastructure for the collection and disposal of expired medications are fundamental for environmental safety and public health. Technical-Technological Product: the technical manual was developed based on the results of a diagnosis of the perceptions of the population and retail pharmacy professionals regarding the disposal of household medications. Using current guidelines and legislation, the manual aims to educate and guide the community on safe and sustainable practices, mitigating environmental and health risks associated with improper medication disposal