Impactos da lei n° 14.300/2022 na viabilidade econômica de sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados à rede

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the economic impacts of Law No. 14.300/2022 on the financial viability of photovoltaic systems, focusing on Group A consumers. The legislation, enacted in January 2022, established a new regulatory framework for distributed generation in Brazil, introducing significant changes to energy compensation rules, such as the billing of load and generation demands (MUSTD/TUSDg) and the conversion of energy credits between Peak and Off-Peak tariff periods. To evaluate the effects of this alteration, financial indicators such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Discounted Payback (DPB), and Cost-Benefit Index (CBI) were analyzed, considering different scenarios of adherence to the legislation. The results indicate that inadequate sizing relative to the tariff periods and the regulatory rigidity of Group A severely affect economic attractiveness, evidencing that the viability of large-scale projects requires a rigorous optimization of the Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and strict alignment between the load profile and photovoltaic generation. It is concluded that, although the law brings legal certainty, it imposes expressive financial barriers that demand assertive design strategies to ensure the return on the invested capital. Keywords: Law 14.300/2022. Distributed Generation. Group A. Solar Energy. Economic Viability.