Índice de risco potencial de fogo (PFIv2), na prevenção de incêndios florestais: estudo de caso no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra

Abstract

Forest fires are problems faced in Conservation Units in Brazil, causing environmental, social and material impacts in the affected areas. Serra da Canastra National Park, located in the southwest of the state of Minas Gerais, is part of cerrado biome that has been suffering anthropic pressures in recent years. Regarding the forest fires that occur in the Conservation Unit, most are arson fires, which affect large areas, resulting as consequences damage to the entire biodiversity of the Park. Fire is part of cerrado biome, however wildfires out of control compromise the structure of ecosystems. In the management of fires in Conservation Units, it must be implemented measures and prevention and control tools. In Serra da Canastra National Park, some measures have been used, prevention tools such as: Integrated Fire Management and implementation of fire breaks and (GIS) geographic information systems. In orther to add one more tool in the management process of the park forest fires. It is proposed in this research the use of a Risk Fire Potential Index, (PFIv2), implemented with the Haines Index where, through the climatological factors and variables, type of vegetation and a correction of latitude factor, the daily fire risk was calculated, due to the susceptibility to propagation of heat sources and occurrence of forest fires. The methodology used in the development of the research consisted in doing calculation of the daily fire risk for the period from 2001 to 2018, checking the annual and monthly media, producing maps comparing the results obtained with the occurring of hot spots, the extent of burnt areas and the local and regional climatological conditions, as well as the statistical analysis in order to validate the same. A contingence plan was elaborated to forest fires, to the regulated area of Parna Canastra, proposed to take note the actions and measures to be done against the forest fires. It was concluded that the obtained results from the calculation of PFIv2, corroborated with the values of hot spots and burnt area in a period of study, as well as, with the analysis of regression of the used model, validating the index of the potential fire risk, showing that the PFIv2 can be an efficient tool to be used with other management methods applied in Serra da Canastra Park.