Análise dos parâmetros dos levantamentos de mastofauna em EIAs de empreendimentos de silvicultura em Minas Gerais.

Forestry activities are considered to be impacting or degrading the environment and are therefore subject to the Environmental Licensing process with elaboration of the Environmental Impact Study - "Estudo de Impacto Ambiental" (EIA), in accordance with national legislation. In Minas Gerais, changes in environmental legislation do not make it clear if this type of activity still depends on the elaboration of the EIA, opening gaps and allowing questions. One of the main discussions about forestry activities is that this is a low environmental impact activity. The interaction between medium and large mammal fauna and silviculture areas is still poorly studied, but it is known that habitat loss may be responsible for direct or indirect extinctions. Environmental surveys and monitoring are considered to be tools associated with the conservation of the fauna because they allow the knowledge of the species present in the study environment and the understanding about the environment, however, there is a great discussion about the quality and availability of the fauna study data and about its functionality for species conservation. In order to verify the real contribution of the data generated by the EIAs for the conservation of mammal species of medium and large size, this work proposes to perform an analysis on the parameters evaluated in surveys of fauna, established by IN-IBAMA 146/07, in forestry enterprises in Minas Gerais. In order to do so, a bibliographic research was carried out and, secondly, documentary research was organized based on the platform of the Integrated Environmental Information System - "Sistema Integrado de Informação Ambiental" (SIAM), from which the EIA reports were extracted for analysis. A total of fifty reports were selected, using as sole criterion of choice the availability of the file in the database. From the selected reports, only the data referring to 'Characterization of Fauna', 'Flora Characterization' data and data referring to the area, use and occupation of the soil were used. The EIAs were analyzed observing the criteria contained in articles 4 and 5 of the IN-IBAMA 146/07 on the Fauna Survey. Each of the parameters was verified for its performance in all the reports surveyed. The data were counted and graphs were generated to analyze the results. As a result, it is observed that the IN-IBAMA 146/07 is fulfilled only partially, the statistical analyzes being the most scarce data in the EIAs; there is little information on the methodology used to perform the fauna surveys, jeopardizing the quality and efficiency of the EIAs; the information on the registration of the species found in the studies is deficient; the parameters determined for the elaboration of the survey and monitoring of the fauna in the EIAs are restricted to the ecosystemic attributes of composition being little effective in the contribution to the conservation of the mastofauna and insufficient to support decisions regarding the impacts caused in the communities and their ecological interactions; forestry studies have poor visibility by environmental agencies and academic research; predominantly the enterprises analyzed are included in the Cerrado biome. The weaknesses found in the preparation of these studies demonstrate the need for adjustments in the current legislation and in the conduct of the process of preparation and analysis of the reports that will serve as the basis for granting the environmental license to impacting and environmentally degrading ventures.