Aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais de cadelas portadoras de neoplasia mamária atendidas no Centro Clínico Veterinário (CCV) do IFMG - Campus Bambuí
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Abstract
Mammary neoplasms are among the main oncological diseases affecting female dogs and are frequently encountered in small animal clinical practice, especially in adult and elderly females. Increased longevity of companion animals, combined with hormonal, reproductive, and metabolic factors, contributes to the rising incidence of these neoplasms. In this context, the present study aimed to describe the main clinical and laboratory alterations observed in female dogs with mammary neoplasms treated at the Veterinary Clinical Center (VCC) of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Minas Gerais (IFMG), Bambuí Campus, and to correlate the findings with the scientific literature. This retrospective study was conducted through the analysis of medical records of 41 female dogs diagnosed with mammary neoplasms between January 2023 and July 2025. Epidemiological data, including age, breed, and reproductive status, as well as clinical information, complete blood count results, and serum biochemical analyses, were evaluated and submitted to descriptive statistical analysis. The animals ranged in age from five to 14 years, with a mean age of 10 years, and a higher frequency was observed in the age group between eight and 12 years. Regarding breed, mixed-breed dogs predominated (43.9%), followed by Shih Tzu dogs (21.9%), while other breeds were less frequently represented. Concerning reproductive status, 82.9% of the dogs were not spayed. Hematological analysis revealed anemia in 17.1% of the animals, polycythemia in 12.2%, thrombocytopenia in 7.3%, monocytopenia in 7.3%, and leukocytosis in 4.9%, whereas 21.9% showed no significant hematological alterations; however, 46.3% of the animals did not have available hematological examinations. In serum biochemical analysis, hyperproteinemia was the most frequent alteration (17.1%), followed by increased alkaline phosphatase (17.1%) and alanine aminotransferase (7.3%), as well as sporadic changes related to renal function; nevertheless, the absence of biochemical examinations in part of the sample limited the overall evaluation of these parameters. The results demonstrate that mammary neoplasms predominantly affect adult and elderly female dogs, especially those not spayed, and may be associated with relevant laboratory alterations, reinforcing the importance of early diagnosis, appropriate staging, and the use of complementary diagnostic tests in routine veterinary clinical oncology.
