Dimensionamento de sistema de aproveitamento da água de chuva: estudo de caso em uma edificação localizada na região Nordeste de Belo Horizonte - MG

Abstract

In Belo Horizonte, problems with floods and inundations have worsened, mainly due to its unplanned growth, soil impermeabilization, and the increase in surface runoff. In this context, the presented work aims to propose the design of a system for rainwater harvesting and utilization, with the objective of reducing the impacts caused by heavy rainfall and contributing to sustainability. The study site for the installation of the system is a building located in the Northeastern region of Belo Horizonte. The work begins with a literature review on traditional urban drainage and compensatory techniques, with the purpose of highlighting the use of individual reservoirs in accordance with NBR 15527/2019. In the methodology for sizing the reservoir, information was collected regarding the catchment area, consisting of two roofs located in this building, along with rainfall data obtained from the INMET-A521 station, located in the Pampulha region of Belo Horizonte and made available on the INMET website. The project flow rate was calculated, as well as the sizing of gutters and vertical and horizontal conduits that will supply the reservoir. Additionally, a cost analysis and return on investment of the installed system were carried out. The results confirm the technical feasibility of implementing the system, highlighting benefits such as reducing the discharge of rainwater into the urban drainage network, thereby decreasing flood peaks and the risk of floods and inundations, as well as enabling the reuse of rainwater for non-potable purposes, such as washing vehicles, courtyards, and sidewalks. This contributes to the sustainable and conscious use of water resources, which are increasingly scarce worldwide. It can be concluded that the adoption of rainwater harvesting systems through individual reservoirs is effective in enabling sustainable practices in urban centers and mitigating the effects of chaotic urban growth.