Qualidade da água e do Queijo Minas Artesanal de propriedades cadastradas da microrregião Canastra.
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Abstract
The region of Serra da Canastra, besides being the source of the São Francisco River, is known for the production of a characteristic Minas Artisanal Cheese (MAC), named Canastra cheese. The water used in rural properties that produce this type of cheese is directly related to the production stages of this cheese, contributing to the final quality of the product and to the consumer health. The general objective of this study was to perform the characterization of the microbiological and physicochemical aspects of the water and the cheese collected from MAC producing properties form Canastra micro region certified by IMA and located in the cities of Bambuí, Medeiros and Tapiraí, in the years of 2016 and 2017, as well as to characterize the environmental aspects of this process. A cross-sectional observational ecological study was carried out using a secondary database, containing information of water and cheese quality from certified dairy farms in the cities of Bambuí, Medeiros and Tapirái in the years 2016 and 2017. The collected data were organized in tables using Microsoft Excel® and imported for statistical analysis using program R. A descriptive analysis of the microbiological and physicochemical quality of the water of these properties and the characterization of the productive, environmental and technological aspects of the process was carried out. The chi-square test (χ2) or Fisher's exact test and correspondence analysis were used to determine the association between the compliance of microbiological and physicochemical parameters of both cheese and water used in the manufacture of the cheese. In the physical chemical analyzes of the water, the highest nonconformity was for free residual chlorine (44.69%). In the microbiological analyzes, 17.02% of the samples showed non-compliance for the E. coli r and for the Total Coliform parameters. In the microbiological analyzes of the cheese, nonconformities were found in 7.84% of samples for total coliforms and 9.8% for coagulase positive Staphylococcus. The physicochemical analyzes of the cheese were all in compliance. No statistical relationship was found between the quality of the cheese and the water of the studied properties. According to the checklist used in these farms, all water sources are protected and farms proper dispose the waste from cow pen, sanitary sewage and garbage. In addition, 95.70% of the properties discard the whey adequately. The study indicated that producers need to improve the quality control of the water supply of their dairies, fulfilling the requirements of chlorine in water and periodically verifying the chlorine content in the water, producing a safe food for human consumption.
