Diagnóstico e proposição de diretrizes quanto a boas práticas construtivas e de manutenção para jardins de chuva: estudo de caso do município de Belo Horizonte – MG
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Abstract
The growth of the urban population without proper planning and spatial management has resulted in an increase in impermeable surfaces, which, along with the construction of buildings, residences, public roads, and sidewalks, has caused a reduction in the volume of rainwater infiltration and an increase in the volume and velocity of surface runoff. Compensatory urban drainage techniques were then sought, such as rain gardens, to assist the conventional urban drainage system in managing surface runoff and mitigating floods and inundations. Thus, it is important to conduct studies on this subject, as no research has been identified addressing the rain gardens of Belo Horizonte, the municipality chosen as a reference for this study. In this context, guidelines were proposed for good practices in the construction and maintenance of rain gardens implemented by the Municipality of Belo Horizonte (PBH). For this purpose, a diagnosis was carried out through on-site visits to the seven rain gardens selected for this research, on days with and without rainy events, in addition to applying a questionnaire to some residents participating in the PBH's Adopt a Rain Garden program, to evaluate their perception and opinions on conservation, maintenance, and support from the municipality. During field visits, variations in the type of device entry were identified, the lack of gutters in some public roads where the rain garden is located, and the absence of vegetation in some parts of the device's surface, including cases of erosion. A low volume of surface runoff captured by the entry points of the seven rain gardens was also observed, resulting in the accumulation of rainwater before its entry and the diversion of surface runoff through the external part of the device structure. Thus, with the identification of areas requiring improvement in the devices, guidelines were formulated regarding the arrangement of the structure on public roads, the capture of surface runoff, the height of the water surface area, the surface slope of the rain garden, maintenance, signage, and monitoring of the devices, and the support provided by PBH to adopters.
