Tecnologias disponíveis para produção de leite a pasto: revisão bibliográfica
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Abstract
Pasture-based milk production is one of the main foundations of Brazilian dairy farming, due to its ability to optimize production costs, promote animal welfare, and support sustainable practices. However, for this production model to be viable, the adoption of proper management practices, combined with efficient planning and the use of technology, is essential. Therefore, this study aimed to compile, analyze, and discuss the main technologies available and applicable to pasture-based milk production systems, focusing on increasing and improving productive performance indicators. Topics related to soil and pasture management were addressed, such as soil analysis, correction and fertilization, forage species selection, weed control, and grazing height management using the grazing ruler. Grazing systems and methods—continuous stocking and rotational grazing—were also discussed, emphasizing the importance of stocking rate and rest period for pasture longevity and forage production maximization. Pasture irrigation was presented as a key tool to reduce the effects of forage production seasonality, especially during dry periods. In the animal component, the importance of strategic supplementation, water and shade availability, sanitary management, and animal welfare were highlighted as determining factors for the productive performance of dairy cows. The use of electric fencing was presented as an essential technology to enable rotational grazing, improve area control, and optimize the use of available forage. In addition, technologies related to management and nutrition were discussed, such as rural apps, management software, sensors, and decision-support tools, as well as the determination of feed dry matter using methods such as microwave, air fryer, and portable meters. Technical assistance and rural extension programs, such as Balde Cheio and ATeG, were highlighted for their role in promoting producer professionalism and disseminating technical knowledge in the field. Thus, the study demonstrates that pasture-based milk production depends not only on land availability, but mainly on the rational use of technologies, planning, and producer training. The integrated adoption of these tools allows for increased productivity, reduced costs, improved milk quality, and enhanced economic sustainability of dairy farms.
