Diagnóstico ambiental de solo, água subterrânea e superficial no entorno do cemitério municipal parque cachoeira em Betim-MG
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Cemeteries are potential sources of contamination to soil, both groundwater and surface contaminations, due to the generation of necrochorume in the process of decomposition. The general objective of this work was carrying out an environmental diagnosis to verify possible changes in soil, free aquifers, and surface waters quality by necrochorume in an area that covers a radius of 400m from the perimeter of the Municipal Park Cachoeira Cemetery in Betim/MG. The study was performed with two main sampling campaigns, carried out in two distinct seasons: the first one being carried out in May 2016, representing the end of the rainy season; the secondone in September 2016, at the end of the dry season. The diagnosis consisted of qualitative and quantitative, descriptive and explanatory assesment through a case study. The parameters defined for ground and superficial water were: cadaverine, putrescina, clostridium sulphite reducers, thermotolerant coliforms, total coliforms, total hardness, total alkalinity, ammoniacal nitrogen, total metals, total mercury, pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total sulfur, phosphorus, sulfate, nitrate and nitrite, the latter five being evaluated only for groundwater. The soil characterization consisted in analyzing the parameters: granulometry, phosphorus, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, pH, permeability and total metals with the inclusion of total mercury. In order to carry out the diagnosis, the area was delimited at a distance of 400 m from the perimeter of the cemetery. According to the soil analysis, the granulometry presented a significant percentage of fine grains in the graveyard- 48.9%, indicating a potential retention of microorganisms from necrochorume. It also presented a permeability of 8.0 x 10 -5 cm/s, classified as low, within the acceptable range of 10 -5 to 10 -7 cm/s. Inside the cemetery, the highest value detected was 6,64, probably indicating that in the transformative processes, the skeletonization phase influences the increase of pH in the burial areas. In relation to the analysis of metals it was observed that the geological formation of the region influences the concentrations of metals. The results of surface water samples showed negative reflection in environment due to the use and occupation of the soil in the microbasin and not by the operation of the cemetery. The surrounding region is not impacted by the collapse phase; also the non-interception with the free aquifer level inside the graveyard, predominant silt granulometry at the bottom of the reservoirs as well as the low permeability can contribute to the retention of diamines such as Cadaverine and Putrescina. The activities of the cemetery did not alter the quality of the soil, groundwater and surface of its surroundings and the hydrogeological characteristics observed did not influence the transport of contaminants from the interior areas to those adjacent to the cemetery.
