Autismo - entre o cuidado e a sobrecarga: análise dos desafios e dos impactos decorrentes do Transtorno do Espectro Autista na saúde mental dos pais, com sugestões de estratégias de apoio acessíveis e implementáveis

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects not only the diagnosed individual but also their family, especially parents, who often take on the role of primary caregivers. This study aimed to analyze the impacts of ASD on the mental and emotional health of parents through a narrative literature review with a qualitative approach and exploratory nature. Data collection was carried out in the SciELO, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar databases, considering publications released between 2015 and 2025. After the selection process, 11 studies were included in the review. The results showed that stress, anxiety, depression, emotional overload, social isolation, and financial difficulties are the main challenges faced by caregivers, with a greater impact on mothers, who concentrate most of the responsibilities related to care. Weaknesses in support networks and limitations in the implementation of public policies aimed at families were also identified. Based on these findings, the study proposes strategies for psychological support, strengthening of support networks, integration among health, education, and social assistance services, as well as community actions focused on welcoming families and promoting the quality of life of caregivers. It is concluded that care for individuals with ASD must also address the needs of their families, recognizing caregivers as a fundamental part of comprehensive care.