Análise do impacto da geração fotovoltaica em um sistema de distribuição de energia elétrica: um estudo de caso da capacidade de hospedagem de um alimentador da subestação de Formiga-MG.

Normative resolution 482 of ANEEL (National Electric Energy Agency), published in 2012, established the general conditions for the access of micro and mini generators to the Brazilian electrical energy system. Since then, consumers and investors have increased the number of plants connected to the distribution system every year. With the intensification of investments, technical challenges arose to maintain the distribution system at full operational capacity, that is, within the energy quality parameters determined by ANEEL. Therefore, as the feeder becomes overloaded, it is necessary to carry out re-conducting work, adjustments and/or replacement of equipment such as transformers, voltage regulators and protection equipment; or even build new feeders. ANEEL also establishes that it is the responsibility of the local energy concessionaire to inform, through the access opinion, whether it is possible to connect a micro or mini-generation unit at the desired point and whether there will be necessary works, indicating the minimum cost of work to the applicant. In this context, it is becoming increasingly common for requests to connect new generating units to be denied or become economically unfeasible, since the minimum cost of work passed on to the applicant often exceeds the amount to be invested in the generation unit. Given the current panorama, which is already seen in Brazil and other countries, the objective of this work was to model the FMAD-216 feeder in the city of Formiga-MG and seek to understand the technical difficulties faced by energy distributors in maintaining the indicators energy quality and pass on the minimum possible construction costs to the end consumer. The feeder analysis was carried out through approximate simulations in the OpenDSS program to understand the effects of inserting distributed generation through voltage levels and reverse flow. At the end of the work, it is shown that the modeled feeder already has critical levels of distributed generation penetration, with load imbalance being one of the main limiting factors.