Mapeamento das lagoas marginais durante a ocorrência de pulsos de inundação no alto curso do rio São Francisco - MG
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Abstract
Wetlands are complex systems, not yet fully understood by science. They perform important functions for the ecosystem, such as regulating water levels between dry and wet periods, supporting the local ecosystem, water purification and carbon storage. These areas are decreasing due to several factors before being properly identified and registered, requiring research that seeks to understand their dynamics, carry out a temporal analysis, identify and emphasize their importance. The aim of this research is to use satellite images to identify, map the location and extent of wetlands in the form of oxbow lakes that occur longitudinally in the floodplain. The study area is located in the upper course of the São Francisco river, from its source, coordinates 20°18'27.23"S, 46°32'10.42"W, in the Serra da Canastra region, to the beginning of Três Marias lake, 18°57'46.66"S, 45°7'17.50"W. In the context, flood pulses were identify through fluviometric data from the Ponte do Chumbo station, monitored by the National Water Agency, applied remote sensing resources and techniques on images from the Landsat 5 satellite, TM sensor, acquired on the website of the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) with the aim of identifying and mapping the location and extent of humid areas from 1997 and 2008. These images were processed in Quantum GIS (QGIS) version 3.16. As a result, false color images were obtained for the two dates for which the photointerpretation key was created. The main target of analysis was the spectral response of the water, assuming that marginal lagoons are susceptible to different hydrological dynamics. The maps were produced with images recorded on 01/08/1997, with a river elevation of 1,232 cm, where 80 features considered humid areas were identified, with a total length of 584.88 km2. The map for the date of 04/12/2008, in which the river elevation was 782 cm, 209 features were identified considered as humid areas and with a total extension of 176.24 km2. The most suitable false color compositions for identifying humid areas were RGB543 and RGB743.
