Diagnóstico de riscos sanitários relacionados à inclusão produtiva do pequeno produtor rural e das políticas estaduais correlatas
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The need to strengthen the initiatives of the productive model of family farming and rural producers, which are in line with sustainable social development and are in harmony with the formalization procedures and the production of safe food, requires a better risk assessment from the Health Surveillance related to these activities. The aim of this work is to analyze the panorama of inadequacies to good manufacturing practices detected in the sanitary inspections of rural producers or family farmers in the state of Minas Gerais, with a focus on sustainable production and productive inclusion. A detailed cross-sectional study was carried out from the information obtained in the "Worksheet of notifications of risks and risk situations", of the Superintendence of Sanitary Surveillance of Minas Gerais. These were the results of all inspections carried out between 2017 and 2019 in food producing establishments of rural producers and family farmers from 853 municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais. As a result, 3,442 risk notifications from sanitary inspections were analyzed, and it was possible to verify that the highest percentages of non-compliance with hygienic-sanitary requirements were the absence of formal training of handlers, in 26.00% of the inspections; the use of non-potable water, detected in 16.50% and non-compliance with good practices, by handlers, cited in 14.20%. On the contrary, inadequate time and temperature in transportation (4.70%), the use of raw materials without records (5.10%) and inadequate exposure (6.20%) of final products represented the least nonconformities referred to in the reports. The necessary measures against the inadequacies were determined, and in 97.93% of the cases, educational measures were used exclusively, with coercive measures being necessary in 2.07% of the cases. As a conclusion, the main non-conformities verified in the inspections of food production by small rural enterprises in Minas Gerais demonstrated a polarization in meeting sanitary requirements, with the prioritization of adjustments to the physical structure, to the detriment of educational processes and basic sanitation. Such limitations in complying with the normative determinations highlighted the fundamental weaknesses that hinder productive inclusion, with an emphasis on the need for educational actions, which should serve as a reference for the sector's development initiatives
