Produtividade da soja em resposta à dessecação pré-colheita com o herbicida DIQUAT em diferentes estádios fenológicos
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Soybean (Glycine max L) plays a significant economic role in Brazil, making the country the world's largest producer and exporter. The growing international demand and technological advances have driven the improvement of agricultural practices, including pre-harvest desiccation, which is used to standardize and anticipate harvesting, reduce losses, and optimize operational logistics. However, the effectiveness of this technique depends on the phenological stage in which it is carried out. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of applying the herbicide Reglone® (Diquat S Nortox) on soybean yield at different phenological stages: R5.5, R6, R7.1, R7.2, and R7.3. The experiment was conducted at Fazenda Limeira, in the municipality of Bambuí – MG, under no-tillage system, using the BRASMAX TORMENTA CE cultivar. A randomized block design with four replications was adopted. Applications were performed based on technical phenological identification criteria, and harvesting occurred when the grains reached adequate moisture content and visual maturity. The yield variable (kg ha⁻¹) was subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were compared using the Tukey test at 5% significance. The thousand-grain weight (TGW) and grain moisture content were only compared descriptively among treatments. Results showed a statistically significant difference in yield among the evaluated phenological stages. Higher yields were observed at stages R7.2 (4,198.8 kg ha⁻¹) and R7.3 (4,252.8 kg ha⁻¹), indicating that desiccation closer to physiological maturity preserves crop yield and grain quality. In contrast, earlier stages such as R5.5 (3,170.0 kg ha⁻¹) resulted in substantial yield losses, probably due to the premature interruption of grain filling. TGW and moisture content followed this trend, showing better results in later treatments. Additionally, the interval between desiccant application and harvest was shorter at advanced stages, decreasing from 10 days at R5.5 to 6 days at R7.2 and R7.3, favoring harvest efficiency and crop succession. Strategic use of Reglone® proved effective when applied at more advanced stages, representing a relevant tool for agricultural planning and yield maximization. It is concluded that pre-harvest desiccation with Diquat is effective from stage R7.2 onwards, ensuring high productivity, harvest standardization, and technical feasibility for farmers. The data obtained provide a technical basis for more assertive decisions in soybean crop management.
