Multiplicação in vitro de Batata e revisão sobre o Vigor Fisiológico de Tubérculos

Abstract

The culture of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is of great economic and social importance in Brazil, but it still faces obstacles such as dependence on the import of seed potatoes and the low physiological quality of national propagative material. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the effects of different calcium concentrations (0.81 mM and 1.62 mM) in liquid MS medium on the in vitro development of four potato clones, and to conduct a literature review on the physiological vigor of tubers. The experiment was carried out at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of IFMG - Campus Bambuí, using morphological parameters such as the number of stems, number of nodes, internode length, and the length of the aerial part at 30 and 60 days of cultivation. The results demonstrated that calcium positively influences the number of stems in the early stages of cultivation, with responses depending on the genotype. The literature review, conducted through the study of scientific articles available on digital platforms, reinforced the relevance of the physiological vigor of the tubers for emergence, health, productivity, and efficiency of plant multiplication, highlighting the importance of proper storage and the use of plant regulators and optimized micropropagation techniques. It is concluded that the integration of biotechnological practices, such as micropropagation, and efficient nutritional management, especially regarding calcium, is essential for the production of high-quality seedlings. The results obtained demonstrate that calcium supplementation in the MS liquid medium can promote the initial growth of the shoots, while the literature review reinforces the importance of complementary practices to optimize the physiological quality of seed-tubers. Such strategies contribute to the sustainable strengthening of the potato production chain in Brazil, with applicability in both family farming and business systems.