Estudo de áreas para a implantação de aterro sanitário no município de Piumhi-MG

Municipal solid waste is a major problem for many municipalities due to its inadequate disposal. Among the forms of final disposal of solid waste, the most recommended is the landfill, as it reduces damage or risks to public health and safety, and minimizes impacts on the environment. According to the National Policy for Solid Waste (2010) many municipalities in Minas Gerais still dispose of their waste in dumps and controlled landfills, considered inadequate, and among them is Piumhi. Considering this scenario, the study aims at proposing a map of adequate areas for the implementation of a landfill in the city of Piumhi-MG, from the use of geoprocessing tools. The work was initially done through bibliographic and document review to identify the main parameters for analysis of selection of suitable areas. The criteria of conservation unit, soil geotechnical characteristics, distance to surface water resources, distance from population centers, transportation economy and slope were considered. Thus, the former was considered restrictive and the others had their notes adopted by the application of a matrix. This method made it possible to score the areas in specified evaluation ranges and, with the help of the QGIS, geoprocessing software, the conception of maps for each criterion can be performed. Moreover, through the program the sum of the scores with the respective factors of influence was made, thus classifying the areas in unsatisfactory, good or excellent for the implementation of the landfill, and preparing the final map of selection of areas. This indicated the central, center-south and northeast regions of the municipality as excellent areas for the installation of the enterprise, mainly due to low slopes, low infiltration rate and adequate distance from the population centers. In addition, it demonstrated a large number of sites with good scores, which should be reviewed to determine which criteria reduced its score and adopt measures to minimize or mitigate this impact. Demonstrating that the municipality has the ability to install a landfill. However, future studies on the geomorphology and depth of groundwater are indicated, as these are indispensable points that have not been addressed in this research. Although Piumhi is able to install a landfill, it can be expensive to implement, due to the high initial cost, which can be minimized by partnering with nearby municipalities, sharing the costs and making more municipalities able to comply with legislation.