Potencial de extração de óleo a partir de resíduo visceral de tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) para produção de novos produtos na região da represa de Três Marias – MG
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Abstract
Fishing is an activity that crosses all history alongside man and found in fish farming the opportunity to supply world demand for this type of protein. Nile tilapia is the species that best adapted to the Brazilian profile and Morada Nova de Minas is the second largest producer of tilapia in Brazil and despite the activity of providing income to producers, environmental losses are also generated by the inappropriate disposal of tilapia . Rethinking the activity to the molds of Industrial Ecology and in line with the concept of Biorefinery, making sustainable is a huge challenge, but there are viable alternatives. The objective of this work was to make use of the viscera of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to obtain the oil, to characterize it qualitatively and quantitatively and to evaluate its viability for the production of new products as a way of adding value to the production chain and to minimize the environmental impacts of the fish farming sector in Morada Nova de Minas, in the region of Três Marias, state of Minas Gerais. Fish oil, biodiesel production and polyurethane foams are examples of coproducts generated from tilapia farming. The sample was formed by the viscera of 125 fish, with a mean mass of 0.8 kg and analyzed in the Laboratory of Bromatology of the Federal University of Viçosa - Campus Florestal. Pretreatment was carried out and the aqueous fraction and the organic fraction of the sample which gave rise to the oil which was analyzed were obtained from the dehydrated viscera. Through analysis, it was observed in the oil characteristics that enabled the production of biofuel and polyurethane foam. The products were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. It is concluded that it is possible and feasible to take advantage of the viscera of the beneficiation to obtain the oil, through an efficient process, of low cost and with great yield and that the oil presents excellent efficiency in the yield and suitable quality for the production of biofuel and foam of polyurethane.
