Análise comparativa do microbioma de leite bovino de amostras individuais e de tanque de expansão refrigerado em rebanhos produtores do Queijo Minas Artesanal Canastra
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Abstract
Bovine milk is a rich and complex biological matrix, whose microbiota directly influences the quality of the final products in its production chain and the health of the mammary gland. In the context of Queijo Minas Artesanal Canastra production, the milk microbiota is particularly relevant, as it contributes both to the cheese’s sensory characteristics and to maintaining the microbiological quality of the raw material. Understanding this microbiota is essential for optimizing production processes, ensuring food safety, and developing strategies to control diseases such as mastitis, which directly affects milk quality. This study investigated the bovine milk microbiome in herds producing Queijo Minas Artesanal Canastra. A total of 94 individual milk samples and 6 bulks tank milk samples were analyzed, amounting to 100 samples from six farms in the region. Bacterial identification was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The predominant phyla were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, with a particular emphasis on the classes Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Clostridia, and Alphaproteobacteria. Among lactic acid bacteria (LAB), the most frequently observed genera were Streptococcus (77%), Enterococcus (9%), Lactococcus (5%), Aerococcus (3%), and Lactobacillus (2%). Corynebacteriaceae and Sphingomonadaceae were the most frequent families in farm heatmaps, while in refrigerated bulk tanks, Corynebacteriaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, Micrococcaceae, and Moraxellaceae showed the highest frequencies. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) revealed a notable similarity among the samples, regardless of their farm of origin or storage in bulk tanks. The absence of distinct clusters in the PCoA plots suggests that factors such as geographical proximity and similar management conditions favor a homogeneous microbiota, without significant changes throughout the process. These findings contribute to a better understanding of microbial communities in bovine milk and their interactions, supporting the development of practices aimed at improving animal health and milk quality. Additionally, the results provide insights for microbiome-based strategies that promote sustainability and enhance the value of the Queijo Minas Artesanal Canastra production chain.
