Análise comparativa da evolução microestrutural e das propriedades mecânicas no forjamento convencional monotônico e no forjamento multidirecional: uma revisão sistemática

This study aims to perform a comparative analysis of the microstructural and mechanical properties evolution in monotonic and multidirectional forging (MDF). For this purpose, a systematic literature review was conducted through the analysis of scientific articles. It was evidenced that MDF provides significant benefits regarding microstructural refinement and improvement of the mechanical properties in metallic materials. The dynamic recrystallization promoted by MDF results in the formation of equiaxed grains and a more homogeneous microstructure. Furthermore, the process is effective in weakening the basal crystallographic texture, increasing ductility by favoring slip in multiple directions. Although monotonic forging also allows for recrystallization and a certain degree of refinement, its effects are more limited, especially in terms of microstructural homogeneity and the intensity of mechanical properties modification. Among severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques, MDF's relative simplicity, combined with its cost-effectiveness and the possibility of integration with conventional industrial processes, makes it a promising alternative for the manufacture of advanced structural components with refined microstructures. In this context, this review provides relevant technical and scientific insights for selecting more efficient metal forming strategies, considering the desired mechanical properties and available resources.