O viés de excesso de confiança nas decisões de pequenos empresários
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Abstract
The study of behavioral economics has attracted researchers' interest over the years, aiming to demystify the factors that guide decision-making processes and understand how individuals behave, especially in environments of risk and uncertainty. Given the scarcity of studies focused on investigating overconfidence in the context of small businesses and the lack of valid instruments for its evaluation, this work emerges with the objective of analyzing the bias of overconfidence in the decisions of small business owners. This research project resulted in four articles. The first two articles conducted bibliometric and scientometric analyses: the first focused on analyzing instruments for measuring bias, and the second on the evolution of the state of the art. The first article revealed the challenge of constructing instruments for measuring overconfidence and the need for valid scales that allow for evaluating this bias in managerial decisions in corporate environments, addressing the three forms described by Moore (2008): Overprecision, Overplacement, and Overestimation. The second article highlighted the recurrence of studies on overconfidence in the entrepreneurial context, as well as the lack of studies applied to decision-making processes within small businesses. Both articles significantly contribute to the literature by identifying trends and existing gaps. The third article proposes the construction and validation of a scale to analyze overconfidence in small business owners, aiming to address the gaps highlighted by previous studies. The results support the existence of two factors: Overprecision, consistent with previous studies, and a new typology of overconfidence called Overestimate. The fourth article proposes the creation of indicators to evaluate overconfidence in the decision-making processes of small business owners. The results revealed statistically significant differences concerning gender for the indices of Overestimate (Iomate) and Overconfidence (IOconf), as well as differences related to age and the company's time in operation, facilitating the application of the scale and the analysis of overconfidence in decision-making processes. Thus, this work contributes to the field of Behavioral Economics and Finance by proposing an evaluation of overconfidence in small business owners. The proposed method can assist both researchers and small business owners in recognizing the level of manifested confidence and its influence on business projections and strategies.
