Diagnóstico climatológico do Parque Estadual do Rio Doce-PERD
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Abstract
The present study made a climatic diagnosis of the Parque Estadual of the Rio Doce-PERD as the park is one of the last areas of the Atlantic Forest preserved in Minas Gerais. This is also an unpublished study based on the analysis of the following climatic factors: latitude, altitude, continentality, maritime dimension (sea level), air masses, and climatic elements such as precipitation and temperature.The objective of the study was to diagnose the rainy season and the periods of summer, and associate them with the characteristic atmospheric patterns for the rainy season in the State of Minas Gerais. In order to do so, the IGAM and INMET databases for a eleven- year-period (2005-2015) were used, in which the methodology proposed by Thorthwaite and Matter (1955), and adapted by Rolim (1998) developed graphs of climatic decendial water balances for the four meteorological stations: Ipatinga, Timóteo, Caratinga and PERD, in order to diagnose surpluses and water deficiencies. In order to identify the spatialization of rainfall and temperatures in the PERD, the program ArcGis 10.5, whereas to characterize the dynamic aspects, the Grads 2.0 program was used. It was found that water surpluses began in the third ten-day period of October, and surpluses with larger volumes in the ten-day period of December and January, February, and the presence of dry spell was identified. Regarding the spatialization of rains and temperatures, we could see that the highest precipitation volume and the highest temperatures were located in the north-northwest-northeast part. Atmospheric systems such as South American Convergence Zone-SACZ and Alta da Bolivia-AB are responsible for heavy rains in December and January, and the systems that cause no precipitation are South Atlantic Subtropical Anti-cyclone-SASA and Cavado in Northeast-CN. In February, this absence of rain receives the name of summer drought and it is present in South America and in the state of Minas Gerais. The study shows that the atmospheric systems operating in the PERD influence the rainy season that starts in October and goes until the month of March.
