Análise do uso e ocupação do solo nas áreas de proteção ambiental – APAs Piracicaba e pureza em Itabira-MG

With the purpose of preserving the main source of public supply and local biodiversity, the municipality of Itabira-MG established in 2000 the creation of the APA Pureza and in 2004 the APA Piracicaba. The overlap of areas of the two APAs is verified and it is emphasized that both have no management plan up to the present moment. Final solutions for public supply are already being discussed at the government level, but the Pureza system is still the main source for supplying the city. In this context, this work aimed to analyze the use and occupation of the soil in the areas of environmental protection - APAs Piracicaba and Pureza in Itabira-MG by means of a multitemporal analysis through the images of LANDSAT satellite of the year 1999 and 2018. The process of the occupation of APA Pureza was analyzed, with focus on the conflicts of uses of the Areas of Permanent Preservation - APP. The classification of the LANDSAT TM 5 images of the year 1999 and LANDSAT OLI for 2018 was performed using the manual scanning method, using the ArcGis 10.2 software. With the SRTM image and use of the same software were generated the DEM along with the municipal hydrography were delimited APPs in the Pureza APA. In possession of the classification of the year 2018 was generated the map of uses of these APPs. The accuracy of the classification was verified through the Global Index parameter which represented 83.13% and 90.50% and the Kappa index which returned a value of 0.77 and 0.88 for the years 1999 and 2018 respectively. From the classification, 6 (six) distinct classes of use and occupation were delineated: mining, pasture, exposed soil, water, vegetation (native and planted) and urban area. The "vegetation and pasture" classes were predominant in both years. It was verified that in the 18 years there was a growth of the mining areas and consequently of the class "water" due to the growth of the mining areas of the mining activity. The urban area also achieved significant growth, highlighting the growth of urbanization in the APA Pureza. With the delimitation of APPs and verification of their uses in Pureza, a significant occupation of APPs with use classified as urban areas was observed. Highlight the occupations and densities in disagreement with the municipal Master Plan. It is concluded that the accelerated urban growth of the last years, jeopardizes the public water supply of Itabira being a great challenge for the planning of the area. It is emphasized that as long as the municipality depends on the Purity for public supply, the Ribeirão Candidópolis River Basin should be a focus for sustainable management. It is advisable to exclude the APA Puriteza and new environmental zoning of APA Piracicaba, which includes the area of the spring, since there is a need for protection of the Pureza region due to the importance for the public supply of the city. Future work is suggested that establishes proposals and actions for the recovery of riparian forests in the APA Piracicaba region, as well as studies in relation to the degraded areas in the APA, with specific indications of the areas that are most vulnerable and requiring recovery.