INSTALAÇÕES DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA, SUAS MEDIÇÕES E ECONOMIA VIA AJUSTE DE HÁBITOS DE CONSUMO E MEDIDAS DE ENGENHARIA

Abstract

This work addresses the study of electrical energy measurement, the study of ANEEL (Brazilian National Agency of Electric Energy) standards for energy commercialization and distribution, the development of an electronic circuit for electrical energy measurement, the study of theories of electrical energy quality, and the development of a residential electrical installation project. This includes providing civil engineers with knowledge to create reliable installations, diagnose faults in electrical installations, identify potential sources of interference, and find solutions. The Neob project, authored by Prof. Dr. Tiago Simão Ferreira, serves as a reference for this work, focusing on the development of an energy meter to provide consumers with a tool for autonomous consumption management. Through electronic devices, the system proposed by the NEOB project allows for real-time data collection, which is processed and presented via computer interfaces in the form of graphs, trend curves, and statistical reports. This transparency of information aims to empower users to reprogram habits, meet savings goals, and reduce costs. A significant advantage is the ability to individualize metering in condominiums. Where previously there would have been only one centralized energy meter, the NEOB project proposes the installation of meters per unit, ensuring that the allocation of expenses is proportional to the actual consumption of each resident/consumer. The work pays special attention to the development of an electronic circuit for energy measurement. This prototype, simulated in the Multisim software, achieved an accuracy of 97%. Its operation is based on the generation of signaling pulses for each energy packet consumed, allowing measurement of the active energy flow at the input of individual units. It is suggested, for future work, that the meter incorporate digital circuits. For a more specific application, information processing such as power factor measurement and harmonic quantity measurement could be included. The study also addresses the technical feasibility of using energy meters, in the style of the NEOB project, in the context of the Free Energy Market. With the possibility of consumers (such as shopping centers and industries) purchasing energy directly from generators, owning their own metering systems becomes strategic for cost management and taking advantage of tariff benefits, such as off-peak consumption. The text highlights the importance of complying with ABNT standards and the guidelines of the electricity sector to guarantee: • Energy Quality: Identification of electrical disturbances and interferences that can damage sensitive equipment. • Reduced Maintenance: Projects that minimize intrinsic losses in the conduits for transporting inputs. • Technical Compliance: Study of the requirements for meters from utility companies and licensed laboratories. The work synthesizes a vast theoretical framework that ranges from the modeling of basic residential electrical projects to the understanding of commercialization standards and electricity quality. For the civil engineer, in-depth knowledge of electrical signals offers a valuable technical perspective, enabling the professional to identify faults, optimize installations, and implement measurement technologies that add economic and sustainable value to modern buildings.