Contribuições dos jardins botânicos brasileiros para a conservação das abelhas sem ferrão: diagnóstico e plano de ação.
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Abstract
Botanical gardens are institutions committed to environmental conservation, scientific research and environmental education. These vocations are inherently flora-focused, but they can also help protect other groups of biodiversity. It´s the case of stingless bees, the main group of pollinators for the Brazilian flora. Indeed, this is a secondary vocation of botanical gardens and this research is an attempt to understand in which ways botanical garden vocation can be explored for stingless bees’ protection. The present research carried out a diagnosis of the main practices focused on stingless bees that are currently performed by Brazilian botanical gardens. The systematic review showed that scientific production about stingless bees within botanical gardens is incipient and its necessary to invest and disseminate botanical gardens as useful inspiring spaces for species studies, as well as pollination and foraging studies. The diagnosis revealed that there are currently 50 gardens in operation in Brazil, most of them are located in the coastal region, in the Southeast states and in the Atlantic Rain Forest domain. Among the 28 gardens that participated in the diagnosis, 71% have declared that they had already carried out some action related to stingless bees. Most of them have a survey of stingless bees that occur within the garden (67%) and offer educational activities about these bees (53%). There are 23 gardens with educational meliponaries in operation. On the other hand, it was tolerated that the gardens advance in other practices, for example, 78% do not invest in staff training for the theme; 78% do not have criteria for applying phytosanitary products with a view to stingless bee’s protection and 67% are not involved with local bee conservation projects. The data generated in the diagnosis formed the basis for the development of the Action Plan for Brazilian Botanical Gardens in favor of stingless bees, which offers a set of 28 indications of actions that botanical gardens can implement to act in favor of the conservation of stingless bees in the short, medium and long term.
