Avaliação do impacto do uso e ocupação do solo sobre a qualidade de sua microbiota em monoculturas estabelecidas na zona de amortecimento do Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra

The conversion of natural land into agricultural areas is increasing, so conventional agricultural practices have resulted in soil degradation and loss of diversity. All of this change can alter the microbial population causing imbalances in the environment. The general objective of this study was to evaluate whether the use of land by the four main monocultures of agricultural production (Coffee, Corn, Eucalyptus and Pasture) implanted in the buffer zone (ZA) of the Serra da Canastra National Park (PNSC) leads to changes in natural soil microbiota. The specific objectives were to verify whether the soil management of these areas compared to their Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) leads to changes in the composition of the soil's natural chemical conditions and to compare whether they lead to changes in the composition, taxonomic and functional diversity of bacterial communities of the soil of the PNSC ZA. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to access the structure of soil bacterial communities, and a wide range of measurements of soil chemical properties to perform a comparative approach, to find differences in microbial communities and to correlate management local soil chemicals in the four land use systems. The results showed that the conversion of land into agroecosystems and soil management in the areas of Coffee, Maize, Eucalyptus and Pasture led to changes in the composition of soil chemical conditions; α - diversity of maize areas when compared to their APPs; in the taxonomic composition (β - diversity) of bacterial communities, except in eucalyptus plantations; and in the few metabolic functions of the soil bacterial communities of the PNSC ZA. It was concluded that the chemical composition, the taxonomic composition and the metabolic functions of the soil community are sensitive to disturbances, such as the application of correctives and mineral fertilizers in the soil, so it is necessary to adopt sustainable agricultural practices to maintain soil quality, through no-till, crop rotation, proper use of fertilizers, vegetation cover, organic fertilization and accumulation of organic matter in the soil.