Planejamento e gestão de áreas de beneficiamento de resíduos da construção e demolição
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Abstract
This work investigated the activities carried out by the enterprises that receive Construction and Demolition Waste (RCD) in Brazil and has developed an economically viable and environmentally adequate processing plant model, being the model applicable both to existing and new receiving areas making it possible to reduce the use of useful areas for the grounding of materials with added value and the extraction of natural resources. For this purpose, it was determined the quantification and composition of the RCD in 12 large works and in two Transhipment and Sorting Areas, all located in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. A survey of the RCD receiving areas in the metropolitan region was also carried out by the municipalities as well as by the State Environmental Foundation - FEAM, the body responsible for state environmental licenses. RCD recycling plants were identified throughout Brazil and three of them were selected for visits including: Grajaú Civil Construction Waste Recovery Unit, Proguaru Civil Construction Waste Recycling Plant and Geresol Solid Waste Management Center. The results of the construction and demolition waste composition show that, regardless of the construction method used, more than 90% of the generated waste is recyclable with predominance of rubble (Class A) and wood (Class B) which can represent 53% to 63% of the total RCD generated. Analyzing the region of Belo Horizonte it was found that, in 10 municipalities analyzed, there are only three plants that benefit from the Class A fraction of the RCD and if they operated at their nominal capacity they could only meet the demand of 14% of the total waste generated in 2016. In visits to existing plants in Brazil that operate efficiently and effectively, it was found that several methods of management of these enterprises can be used and that they are developed according to the various specific characteristics of where they are. In the proposed model, the general, technicaloperational and financial aspects are considered which are essential for the planning of this size projects.
