Prêmio pelo risco no mercado brasileiro: uma análise descritiva no período de 2008 a 2024
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Abstract
In the current financial market, which is very dynamic, when it comes to investments, many individuals feel insecure and unsure about which instrument to invest in: fixed income or variable income? This study seeks to analyze the risk premium in the Brazilian market, during the period from 2008 to 2024. To this end, monthly returns on assets such as: CDI, IPCA, IPCA+6% and IBOV were observed. The research was conducted through a descriptive analysis, being a quantitative survey. The data were collected directly from the Central Bank website through Google Colab. Both ex-post and ex-ant risk premiums were analyzed. The results indicate that the ex-post risk premium, measured by past values, was negative (-0.15% per month) while the ex-ant risk premium, observed by expected returns, was positive (0.78% per month). This difference shows that, although the expected reward for risk is positive, the observed returns were negative, in average values. The results indicate that the CDI (0.76%) outperformed the IBOV (0.62%) in the period analyzed. In addition, the average monthly inflation, measured by the IPCA, was 0.48% and the asset that performed best was the IPCA+6%, with 0.97% per month. These results show evidence that, in the long term, considering the period from 2008 to 2024, investors did not obtain reward for the risk, as expected. In addition, fixed income assets such as the CDI and IPCA+6% performed better than variable income assets, measured by the IBOV.
