Clima e saúde: dengue versus parâmetros meteorológicos em Formiga-MG
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Abstract
The general objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of temperature and precipitation on the incidence of dengue fever in the municipality of Formiga-MG from 2014 to 2023. The determination of the number of positive cases, as well as their distribution in relation to the variables sex, age group, confirmation criteria, final classification, hospitalization and disease progression, was conducted with data extracted from SINAN. Weekly information on precipitation and temperature was obtained from INMET. The study consisted of a descriptive, retrospective and longitudinal epidemiological approach. The seasonal modeling showed a positive value for the sine component (0.27352), indicating that the incidence of dengue in Formiga increased from weeks 17 to 20 of each year, corresponding to the end of April and the first two ten days of May, mid-autumn, a pattern confirmed in the two moments of greatest historical increase, close to the national epidemics, whose peaks were from March to April 2015 and April to May 2019. The multiple linear regression model was not very significant [p = 0.004; adjusted R2 = 0.035; AIC = 3657.85], as well as the Prais-Winsten regression with robust White correction [p = 0.562; adjusted R2 = 0.005]. This, however, presented a better fit [AIC = 2394.03]. The models indicated that there was an association, albeit not very significant, between the climate variables and the incidence of dengue, with peaks of incidence recorded approximately 16 weeks after the periods of maximum temperature and rainfall, occurring in the fall and with a seasonal pattern, a result also verified by the Spearman correlation [0.373]. Still in the Prais-Winsten regression, precipitation had a coefficient of -0.005 and the compensated mean temperature of -0.010, suggesting a slight decrease in incidence at times of increase in the variables and a subsequent increase in incidence with the aforementioned delay in relation to the increases in the variables. The not very significant association indicates a more stationary nature of the disease in Formiga, verified in the results of the temporal trend, which indicated long periods with few or no cases, resulting in an incidence line without necessarily significant peaks at all times of increase in the climate variables. The autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation correlogram (PACF) of the time series were performed, considering only 5 lags in the ACF and 2 lags in the PACF. The model indicated a predicted growth in the number of dengue cases from the first week of 2024, reaching a peak and stabilization in week 33 and approaching this peak in week 17, mid-autumn, consistent with what was observed in previous models. Therefore, it was concluded that there is an association, although not very significant, between the incidence of dengue and the climate variables temperature and precipitation, with a delay of approximately 16 weeks between the incidence peaks and the highs of the variables. Finally, a Didactic Material aimed at Elementary School I entitled “Our Class Against Dengue” was presented as a Technical/Technological Product, the content of which aimed to inform and raise awareness among students to be natural agents against dengue and its transmitting agent.
